Warning : As I’ll use this post to setup my own RPIs this post may change with my running projects!
last update: 2020-07-18
The goal of this post is to keep trace how I setuped my on RPI from my Debian.
First you will needs to choose an Operating System that fit your own requirements.
Let’s list some of my requirements:
- Should be able to run docker (docker swarm)
- Stable enough with a great community (I don’t want to battle against the operating system)
- Lightweight distribution
- Able to apply rtk patch
So I’ve found 2 distributions that would fit that list ArchLinux ARM which is based on ArchLinux and also Hypriot which is a minimal Debian-based operating systems that is optimized to run Docker.
There are some default configuration that I dislike in Hypriot (like
define a default user pirate) however those choices the team made to
build this distributions makes things easy to start and do some Proof Of
Concept (POC) without worries that much with initial setup. So let’s
start with Hypriot that offer a great tool ready to use. Later when I
would like more security and mastering all the settings I may switch
on an other distribution like ArchLinux ARM.
Install hypriot on RPI3
note (2019-07-18): A flash script is available to be able to install hypriot on your sd card and setup your wifi with cloud-init file.
You can follow this post to install Hypriot on your RaspBerry
I like to follow that path,
- Get the distribution:
# Choose a version to use on http://blog.hypriot.com/downloads/
$ export version=v1.12.3
# Download the last Hypriot Docker Image for Raspberry Pi
$ wget https://github.com/hypriot/image-builder-rpi/releases/download/$version/hypriotos-rpi-$version.img.zip
# Get the checksum
$ wget https://github.com/hypriot/image-builder-rpi/releases/download/$version/hypriotos-rpi-$version.img.zip.sha256
# Make sure image is completly download
$ sha256sum -c hypriotos-rpi-$version.img.zip.sha256
# unzip that image
$ unzip hypriotos-rpi-$version.img.zip
- Prepare your sdcard
Insert the sdcard into an available slot, to detect where the device
is connected you can use lsblk:
$ lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 953,9G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 512M 0 part /boot/efi
├─sda2 8:2 0 797,1G 0 part /
└─sda3 8:3 0 156,3G 0 part [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 1 14,9G 0 disk
└─sdb1 8:17 1 14,9G 0 part /media/usb0
here we are: /sdb! If you have multiple partition you may have
multiple sdb1 / sdb2 …
- unmount if there are some mounted partition
If like on the above lsblk result you have mountpoints, make sure to unount all partition before to continue
$ sudo umount /media/usb0
$ lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 953,9G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 512M 0 part /boot/efi
├─sda2 8:2 0 797,1G 0 part /
└─sda3 8:3 0 156,3G 0 part [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 1 14,9G 0 disk
└─sdb1 8:17 1 14,9G 0 part
- Format sd card
This step is not necessary as long we are using dd on the
whole device, I let it there for memories. Also I like to make my sdcard
clean as if it was a new one before start!
# Start fdisk to partition the SD card
# Type o. This will clear out any partitions on the drive.
# Type p to list partitions. There should be no partitions left.
# Type n, then p for primary, 1 for the first partition on the drive,
# press ENTER to accept the default first sector,
# then type ENTER for the last sector.
# Type t, then c to set the first partition to type W95 FAT32 (LBA).
# Write the partition table and exit by typing w.me me
$ sudo fdisk /dev/sdb
Bienvenue dans fdisk (util-linux 2.25.2).
Les modifications resteront en mémoire jusqu'à écriture.
Soyez prudent avant d'utiliser la commande d'écriture.
Commande (m pour l'aide) : o
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xd0bd8550.
Commande (m pour l'aide) : p
Disque /dev/sdb : 14,9 GiB, 15931539456 octets, 31116288 secteurs
Unités : secteur de 1 × 512 = 512 octets
Taille de secteur (logique / physique) : 512 octets / 512 octets
taille d'E/S (minimale / optimale) : 512 octets / 512 octets
Type d'étiquette de disque : dos
Identifiant de disque : 0xd0bd8550
Commande (m pour l'aide) : n
Type de partition
p primaire (0 primaire, 0 étendue, 4 libre)
e étendue (conteneur pour partitions logiques)
Sélectionnez (p par défaut) : p
Numéro de partition (1-4, 1 par défaut) : 1
Premier secteur (2048-31116287, 2048 par défaut) :
Dernier secteur, +secteurs ou +taille{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-31116287, 31116287 par défaut) :
Une nouvelle partition 1 de type « Linux » et de taille 14,9 GiB a été créée.
Commande (m pour l'aide) : t
Partition 1 sélectionnée
Code Hexa (taper L pour afficher tous les codes) :c
Si vous avez créé ou modifié une partition DOS 6.x, veuillez consulter la documentation de fdisk pour de plus amples renseignements.
Type de partition « Linux » modifié en « W95 FAT32 (LBA) ».
Commande (m pour l'aide) : w
La table de partitions a été altérée.
Appel d'ioctl() pour relire la table de partitions.
Synchronisation des disques.
$ sudo fdisk -l /dev/sdb
Disque /dev/sdb : 14,9 GiB, 15931539456 octets, 31116288 secteurs
Unités : secteur de 1 × 512 = 512 octets
Taille de secteur (logique / physique) : 512 octets / 512 octets
taille d'E/S (minimale / optimale) : 512 octets / 512 octets
Type d'étiquette de disque : dos
Identifiant de disque : 0xd0bd8550
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1 2048 31116287 31114240 14,9G c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
- Copy hypriot image on the sdcard
Warning Of course adapt the
of=parameter before running this command, you may damage the wrong device!…
# this copy can take few minutes
$ sudo dd if=hypriotos-rpi-$version.img of=/dev/sdxyz bs=1M
# Make sure all bytes are written on the sdcard bu flushing the file
# system buffer
$ sync
notice is you run fdisk again there are two partition, the smallest is the boot partition, the other is the operating system:
$ sudo fdisk -l /dev/sdb
Disque /dev/sdb : 14,9 GiB, 15931539456 octets, 31116288 secteurs
Unités : secteur de 1 × 512 = 512 octets
Taille de secteur (logique / physique) : 512 octets / 512 octets
taille d'E/S (minimale / optimale) : 512 octets / 512 octets
Type d'étiquette de disque : dos
Identifiant de disque : 0x00000000
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1 2048 133119 131072 64M c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/sdb2 133120 2047998 1914879 935M 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 looks so tiny why it doesn’t use the whole place?
I guess this partition is resize at the first boot:
pverkest@petrus-v:~/raspberryPi/00_archlinux-vs-hypriot/hypriot$ sudo fdisk -l /dev/sdb
Disque /dev/sdb : 14,9 GiB, 15931539456 octets, 31116288 secteurs
Unités : secteur de 1 × 512 = 512 octets
Taille de secteur (logique / physique) : 512 octets / 512 octets
taille d'E/S (minimale / optimale) : 512 octets / 512 octets
Type d'étiquette de disque : dos
Identifiant de disque : 0x00000000
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1 2048 133119 131072 64M c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/sdb2 133120 31116287 30983168 14,8G 83 Linux
- Connect to Hypriot
You can connect to you freshly RPI using a keyboard and a screen or I do prefer connect my RPi to the network using a wierd cable and connect through ssh to setup the wifi.
There are several ways to found the affected address IP:
- connect to your router where the dhcp is running
- using nmap
nmap -sP 192.168.1.10/24 - using arp
sudo arp -a - …
So to connect to hypriot you have following parameters:
- let’s says the affected ip address is
192.168.1.28 - Hypriot default user:
pirate - pirate default password:
hypriot
$ ssh pirate@192.168.1.28
pirate@192.168.1.28's password:
HypriotOS (Debian GNU/Linux 8)
The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software;
the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.
Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent
permitted by applicable law.
Last login: Fri Sep 16 22:38:15 2016 from 192.168.1.10
HypriotOS/armv7: pirate@black-pearl in ~
$
that’s it!
install Arch linux ARM on RPI3
At the moment I only leave this link to archlinux.org documentation